I was reading thru some blogs, namely that of Kevin DeRudder, today. He recently posted some information on calculated fields. I get questions pretty often from clients on the available formulas when creating a calculated field. In his post, Kevin talks about how to reference a yes/no field from a formula inside a calculated field.
I just wanted to expand on his post a little and post this link to Examples of common formulas on the Microsoft Office Online site. I frequently complain about the lack of documentation when it comes to SharePoint, but it seems someone had the time this time around and has documented a good deal of the formulas available for calculated fields.
Everything from Conditional Formulas, Date and time formulas, Math formulas, Text formulas and a few others are documented quite nicely.
There is even a page that talks about the Calculation operators. This includes the "Types of operators" available and "The order in which a list performs operations in a formula".
I hope you find this page as useful as I did.